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Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the primary health consequences of obesity. CVD affects the heart and the body's circulatory system, which consists of the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins.
Those who are severely obese are at a much greater risk of developing CVDs, including coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke. Some studies have shown that obese people are twice as likely to suffer from stroke or hypertension than those who are average in weight.
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is one of the most common health problems in North America and obesity dramatically increases the chance of developing this condition. One theory is that hypertension may develop in the obese because the heart and circulatory system are under increased strain to move blood throughout the enlarged body. Over time, high blood pressure may lead to stroke, heart failure, and severe kidney and eye damage. Mild hypertension can easily be controlled by weight loss; otherwise medications are needed to control the high blood pressure.
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fat deposits (eg cholesterol) accumulate in the walls of arteries. Over time, these deposits build up, causing a narrowing of the blood vessels, thus impeding the blood flow through the blood vessel. This narrowing of the arteries restricts the delivery of blood to the tissues, including the major organs such as the heart and brain. An artery may become completely obstructed, resulting in a stroke or heart attack. High blood pressure and diabetes commonly accompany obesity and these conditions can also exacerbate the narrowing of the arteries.
Coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure are two of the most common and most deadly CVDs that have been associated with excess body weight.
Obesity is a significant health risk factor for CVDs that can be prevented and controlled. Weight loss and exercise will help reduce the risk of developing these serious health conditions.
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